Search for the failed supernovae

Credit: chandra.harvard.edu

If high stars end their lives, they explode in monumental supernovae. But, when the most massive of these monsters die theory has predicted that they will not even show can implode as much as a whimper as their massive cores. Instead, the implosion occurs so quickly that the train and all photons created during it, are immediately swallowed into the newly formed black hole. Estimates have suggested that as much as 20% of the stars, which would enough to make massive one the supernovae directly into a black hole without to reduce explosion. This "supernovae error" from the sky leave such predictions seemingly impossible check simply would disappear. But a new paper examines the potential for neutrinos, subatomic particles that rarely interact with normal matter, escaped during the collapse and be recognized, harbingers of death of a giant.

Currently, only a supernova was detected by its neutrinos. This was Supernova 1987a, a relatively close supernova in the large Magellanic Cloud, a satellite Galaxy to our own in took place. When this star exploded, the neutrinos the surface of the star escaped and reached detectors on Earth three hours before the Shockwave of the surface, producing a visible improvement achieved. But despite the enormity of the eruption, only 24 neutrinos (or more specifically, electron anti-neutrinos), recognized between three detectors have been.

The next way is an event, the more his neutrinos will be distributed, which in turn decreases the River on the detector. With current detectors, it is expected that they are large enough, to supernovae events around a rate of 1-3 per century are all within the milky way and our satellite. But as the most astronomy, RADIUS with larger detectors may be increased recognition. The current generation used for detecting liquid detectors with masses of the order of kilotons, but increase proposed detectors would this megatons, pushing the sphere of accountability as 6.5 million light years, which would include our next great neighbor, the Andromeda Galaxy. With these advanced features neutrino would find detectors bursts in the order of once per decade expected be.

Provided that the calculations are correct and that 20% of the supernova implode directly, this means that such gargantuan 1-2 could recognize detectors failed supernovae per century. Fortunately, this is improved slightly due to the additional mass of the star, the total energy of the event higher would make, and while this could escape any neutrino performance as a light, would be equivalent. So the detection could be sphere pushed to potentially 13 million light years, which with high star formation and thus would include several galaxies Supernoave.

While this is the potential for detections of failed supernovae on the radar, remains a major problem. Say that neutrino detectors to record a sudden burst of neutrinos. With typical supernovae this detection would be followed quickly the optical detection of a supernova, but with a failed supernova that followup would be absent. The neutrino burst is the beginning and the end of the story, not the first positive such an event could for example define differently than other supernovae, form neutron stars.

Tease to the subtle differences, to examine the team of the supernovae models, the energy and time. As supernovae are those neutron stars not compare, ahead of them, that the failed supernovae neutrino bursts shorter duration (~ 1 second) have would than neutron stars (~ 10 seconds). In addition, the energy would gives the collision, which the detection of failed supernovae be higher (up to 56 MeV vs 33 MeV). This difference could potentially make a distinction between the two types.

Tagged as: supernovae

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